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针对全球低轨卫星互联网竞争由单星技术验证转向星座建设、发射效率、频轨资源和商业运营综合竞争的趋势，以中国卫星网络集团GW星座和上海垣信千帆（G60）星座为主要研究对象，在梳理Starlink、OneWeb等国外典型星座发展情况的基础上，对国内外巨型低轨星座的轨道构型、发射部署、建设模式、产业协同和发展瓶颈进行了比较分析。结果表明，GW星座和G60星座已由技术验证阶段进入批量组网阶段，在一箭多星部署、极轨与倾斜轨协同建设、卫星批量制造以及星间链路试验验证等方面形成了一定基础；同时，民营商业航天企业已逐步进入国家级星座供应链，在卫星制造环节发挥作用。但与国际领先星座相比，中国低轨卫星互联网建设在商业火箭高频发射、可回收复用能力、发射场保障、用户终端规模化应用和运营服务体系等方面仍存在短板。为推动低轨卫星互联网由批量组网迈向规模化运行与综合应用阶段，我国应加强国家级统筹与商业航天协同，提升可重复使用火箭和商业发射场能力，强化频轨资源管理，完善终端产品和应用服务生态。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of global Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO) satellite Internet competition shifting from single-satellite technology validation to integrated competition in constellation deployment, launch efficiency, spectrum and orbital resources, and commercial operation, this study focuses on China Satellite Network Group's GW constellation and Shanghai Yuanxin's Qianfan(G60) constellation. Based on a review of the development of representative foreign constellations such as Starlink and OneWeb, a comparative analysis is conducted of the orbital architectures, launch and deployment strategies, construction models, industrial coordination, and development constraints of major LEO mega-constellations at home and abroad. The results indicate that the GW and G60 constellations have progressed from technology demonstration to batch constellation deployment, with emerging capabilities in multi-satellite launch missions, coordinated construction of polar and inclined orbital planes, mass satellite manufacturing, and inter-satellite link testing and verification. Meanwhile, private commercial aerospace enterprises have gradually entered the supply chains of national-level constellations and are playing an increasingly important role in satellite manufacturing. However, compared with internationally leading constellations, China's LEO satellite Internet development still faces shortcomings in high-frequency commercial launch capability, reusable launch vehicles, launch-site support, large-scale user terminal deployment, and operational service systems. To promote the transition from batch deployment to large-scale operation and integrated application, China should strengthen national-level coordination and commercial aerospace collaboration, enhance reusable rocket and commercial launch-site capabilities, improve spectrum and orbital resource management, and further develop user terminal products and application service ecosystems.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TN927.2
引用信息:
[1]刘镇硕,刘奕君,崔高峰,等.中国低轨卫星互联网星座规模化建设的现状、挑战与展望[J].无线电通信技术().
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2026-10-10
2026-10-10