无线电通信技术

随着铁路向数字化、智能化加速迈进，现有铁路通信网络难以充分满足新兴业务的多元需求。因此，研究如何在铁路领域引入新一代通信网络技术，助力铁路数字化转型，具有重要意义。基于新一代铁路通信网络的发展现状与趋势，提出铁路专网与公网融合通信的总体框架，并分别分析了专网与公网在铁路场景中的应用方式与优势。此外，深入研究5G及5G-A在铁路通信中的创新应用，包括网络切片、AI驱动的通信感知以及乘客服务保障等关键场景。展望6G在铁路领域的潜在应用，设想数字孪生列车的实现，探讨面向高效信息交互的语义通信等先进技术可能为铁路运营带来的提升。总结新一代通信技术在铁路场景应用面临的挑战，提出相应的解决思路。

As railways move into the digital age and embraces intelligent development, existing communication networks are struggling to keep up with the growing demands of new services. Therefore, integrating next-generation communication technologies into the railway sector to support its digital transformation is of significant research value. Building on the current state and future trends of next-generation railway communication networks, this paper proposes a unified framework for integrating dedicated and public networks in railway communications. It analyzes the application methods and benefits of both network types. Furthermore, this paper explores the innovative applications of 5G and its enhanced version 5G-A in railway communications, including network slicing, AI-enabled communication sensing, and passenger service assurance. Additionally, the potential applications of 6G in the railway sector are also studied, including the concept of digital twin trains and semantic communication for efficient railway operation information exchange. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges of implementing next-generation communication technologies in railway scenarios and proposes strategies to address them.